The Science of Sound: Understanding Acoustic Engineering
What is the Noise Reduction Coefficient (NRC)?
NRC (Noise Reduction Coefficient) is a single-number rating that shows how well a material absorbs sound, rather than reflecting it back into a space. It applies to any material that absorbs sound, and acoustic panels are one the most common and most transparent about it. Other products that can have NRC rating include carpet, flooring, and perforated architectural surfaces.
NRC rating is measured on a scale from 0.00 to 1.00. The higher the number, the more sound the material absorbs. The panels must be tested in a lab using a recognized acoustic test method by an authorized organization, such as the SGS (Société Générale de Surveillance). SGS is the Swiss multinational company headquartered in Geneva, focusing on providing inspection, verification, testing and certification services for businesses worldwide.
Here’s the breakdown of the NRC ratings and what it means:
- NRC 0.00: reflects almost all sound (glass, concrete)
- NRC 0.30 - 0.50: mild sound absorption
- NRC 0.60 - 0.80: good acoustic control
- NRC 0.90 - 1.00: high-performance acoustic treatment
Many acoustic panels on the market offer limited sound absorption or are marketed as “acoustic” without verified NRC testing. This means that their wall panels don’t have enough density on the acoustic backing, thus don’t meaningfully change how a room sounds.
In contrast, The Panel Hub panels deliver proven acoustic performance, with an NRC rating of 0.85, tested and inspected by SGS in 2023 under recognized acoustic testing standards.
Choosing the Right Density
Not all acoustic panels improve sound in the same way. Many mass-market panels rely on lightweight felt that does not significantly reduce noise levels. Density determines whether sound is absorbed or reflected. Sound absorption only happens when a panel has enough mass and resistance to convert sound energy into heat.
Low-density materials let sound pass through or bounce off, which means:
- Less echo reduction
- Minimal improvement in clarity
- “Acoustic” panels that don’t actually change how a room sounds
Many mass-market panels are thin and lightweight. Acoustically, these panels often diffuse sound rather than absorb it, which limits their effectiveness, especially in living rooms, offices, and meeting spaces where speech clarity matters.
To meaningfully reduce echo and improve speech clarity, panels need density and thickness, the qualities that allow them to absorb sound energy instead of letting it bounce back into the room.
That is why The Panel Hub panels use a denser Acufelt™ formulation at 1,500 g/m², paired with a thicker 15 mm Acufelt™ layer, compared to the standard 9 mm or 1,100 g/m² felt commonly found in mass-market panels. The added mass and depth translate into better sound absorption, clearer acoustics, and a more comfortable listening environment, especially in real-world living and working spaces.